Gambaran Praktik Pemberian Makanan Prelakteal Pada Bayi dan Peran Dukun Anak di Masyarakat Adat Kaluppini
Abstract
Stunting masalah gizi utama pada anak di Indonesia dan pemberian makanan prelakteal pada bayi adalah salah satu faktor risikonya. Berdasarkan laporan SDKI tahun 2012 bahwa sebanyak 60,3% bayi mendapatkan makanan prelakteal. Kepercayaan, tradisi, adat, dan budaya pada suatu masyarakat adat dapat mempengaruhi praktik pemberian prelakteal pada suatu kelompok masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi tentang pemberian makanan prelakteal di masyarakat adat Kaluppini. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, sebanyak 67 ibu balita yang terlibat sebagai informan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dalam bentuk wawancara mendalam dan FGD yang direkam dan ditranskripsi verbatim. Analisis data dilakukan mulai dari proses pengkodean data lalu dikategorisasi hingga menjadi sebuah tema. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Mei 2018 di masyarakat adat Kaluppini yang terletak di Kabupaten Enrekang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa praktik pemberian prelakteal masih banyak dilakukan oleh para. Dukun anak dan tradisi yang kental pada masyarakat tersebut menjadi salah satu faktor banyak ibu yang memberikan prelakteal. Sebagian besar ibu memberikan air putih, air kelapa, air tajin, madu, dan kopi pada tiga hari pertama kelahiran bayi. Masyarakat adat Kaluppini percaya bahwa dengan memberikan madu di awal kelahiran dapat memperkuat daya tahan tubuh bayi dan tetap sehat hingga dewasa. Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam upaya meningkatkan cakupan ASI eksklusif dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Sehingga diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih inovatif dalam melakukan konseling menyusui dan pemberian makanan pada bayi dan dengan tetap memperhatikan kearifan lokal yang ada pada masyarakat.
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