Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Keywords:
cardio pulmonary resuscitation, covid-19, literature review
Abstract
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation before the arrival of an ambulance will increase the chances of life up to three times. However, there is concern that medical staff will infected acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 when performing CPR. The aimed of articles is to provide information based on clinical evidence related to the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to nurses when carrying out CPR and CPR strategies recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review was carried out in April 2020. By searching databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Keywords used: "CPR Guideline" AND "Coronavirus", "CPR" AND "COVID-19", "Cardiac Arrest" AND "Coronavirus", "Transmisssion Coronavirus" AND "CPR". The results showed that transmission of the COVID-19 virus to nurses who performed CPR when using a complete PPE can occurred, through droplets or aerosols from patients who were in the air and entered through gaps that were formed accidentally by health workers when correcting positions, starting positions, wiping sweat or occurring when opening protective clothing. Changes in the CPR sequence by ignoring the assessment of the airway provide opportunities to minimize transmission. Chest compressions using assistive devices are highly recommended to be performed until the patient arrives at the hospital or can be given interpretation aids.
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Zhou, B. She, J., Wang, Y., and Ma, X., (2020) ‘The Clinical Characteristics of Myocardial injury 1 in Severe and Very Severe Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease’, Journal of Infection. doi: 10.1016/j¬.jinf.¬2020.-03.021
Atmojo, J. T., Akbar, P. S., Kuntari S, Yulianti, I., and Darmayanti, A.T (2020) ‘DEFINISI DAN JALUR PENULARAN SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 ( SARS-COV-2 )’, 9(1), pp. 57–64.
Chowell, G., Abdirizak, F., Lee, S., Lee, J., Jung, E., Nishiura, H., Viboud, C., (2015) ‘Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: A comparative study’, BMC Medicine. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0450-0.
Christian, M. D., Loutfy, M., Clifford., Martinez, K. F. Ofner, M., Wong, T., Wallington, T., Gold, W. L. Mederski, B., Green, K., Low, Donald E.. (2004) ‘Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation’, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(2), pp. 287–293. doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030700.
Corman, V. M. Muth, D., Niemeyer, D., Drosten, C. (2020) ‘free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses’,
Elkholy, A. A. (2020) ‘MERS-CoV infection among healthcare workers and risk factors for death: Retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed cases reported to WHO from 2012 to 2 June 2018’, Journal of Infection and Public Health. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.011.
Fowler, R. A., Guest, C.B., Lapinsky, S. E., Sibbald, W. J., Louie, M., Tang, P., Simor, A E.. Stewart, T E. (2004) ‘Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200305-715oc.
Huang, C. Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei,Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J.,and Cao, B (2020) ‘Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China’, The Lancet, 395(10223), pp. 497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)¬30183-5.
Kiiza, P. et al. (2019) ‘Principles and Practices of Establishing a Hospital-Based Ebola Treatment Unit’, Critical Care Clinics. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.011.
Li, J.-W. et al. (2020) ‘The impact of 2019 novel coronavirus on heart injury: A systemic review and Meta-analysis.’, Progress in cardiovascular diseases. Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad-.2020.¬04.008.
Liberati, A. Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P A., Clarke, M.,Devereaux, P J.,Kleijnen, J., Moher, D. (2009) ‘The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration’, Bmj, 339(jul21 1), pp. b2700–b2700. doi: 10.1136¬/bmj.b2700.
Lippi, G., Lavie, C. J. and Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020) ‘Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis’, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. Elsevier Inc., 2019(xxxx), pp. 2019–2020. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001.
Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Huang, F., Wang, F., Yuan, J., Wang, Z., Li, J., Li, J., Feng, C., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Peng, L., Chen, L., Qin, Y., Zhao, D., Tan, S., Yin, L., Xu, J., Zhou, C., Jiang, C., Liu, and Lei. (2020) ‘Clinical features and outcomes of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected patients with cardiac injury’, Science China Life Sciences, 63(3), pp. 364–374. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1643-8.
Mattiuzzi, C. and Lippi, G. (2020) ‘Which lessons shall we learn from the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak?’, Annals of Translational Medicine. doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.06.
Nam, H. S., Yeon, M. Y., Park, J.W., Hong, J. Y., And Son, J. W. (2017) ‘Healthcare worker infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Korea, 2015’, Epidemiology and health, 39, p. e2017052. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017052.
Ofner, M., Lem, M. Sarwal, S., Vearncombe, M. Simor, A.. (2003) ‘Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health care workers-Toronto, April 2003.’, Canada communicable disease report = Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada.
Organisation, W. H. and Care, S. (2019) ‘Resuscitation Council UK Statement on COVID-19 in relation to CPR and resuscitation in first aid and community settings Whenever CPR is carried out , particularly on an unknown victim , there is some risk of cross infection , associated particularly with.’, (1168914), pp. 19–20.
Otter, J. A., Donskey, C., Yezli, S., Douthwaite, S., Goldenberg, S. D., Weber, D. J., (2016) ‘Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: The possible role of dry surface contamination’, Journal of Hospital Infection. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.027.
Ruan, Q., Yang, K.,Wang, W., Jiang, L., and Song, J (2020) ‘Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China’, Intensive Care Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x.
Sasson, C., Mary, A.M., Dahl, J., Kelle¬-rmann. (2010) ‘Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. doi 10.1161/CIRC¬O-UTCOMES.109.889576.
Song, W., Liu, Y., Ouyang, Y., Chen, W., Li, M., Xianyu, S., and Yi, S. (2020) ‘Recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategy and procedure for novel coronavirus pneumonia’, Resus-citation. doi: 10.1016/j¬.¬resus-citation.2020.03.023.
Torabi-Parizi, P. Davey, R.T., Suffredini, A. F., and Chertow, D. S. (2015) ‘Ethical and practical considerations in providing critical care to patients with Ebola virus disease’, Chest. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0278.
Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M., Pessoa-Silva, C. L., and Conly, J (2012) ‘Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: A systematic review’, PLoS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035797.
Verbeek, J. H., Ijaz, S. Mischke, C., Ruotsalainen, J. H., Mäkelä, E., Neuvonen, K., Edmond, M. B., Sauni, R., Kilinc Balci, F. S., Mihalache, R. C., (2016) ‘Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011621.pub2.
Zhou, B. She, J., Wang, Y., and Ma, X., (2020) ‘The Clinical Characteristics of Myocardial injury 1 in Severe and Very Severe Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease’, Journal of Infection. doi: 10.1016/j¬.jinf.¬2020.-03.021
Published
2020-06-06
How to Cite
Atmojo, J., Arradini, D., Ernawati, E., Widiyanto, A., & Darmayanti, A. (2020). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Jurnal Keperawatan, 12(3), 355-362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v12i3.781
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
