Peran Perawat Anak dalam Mencegah Masalah Tumbuh Kembang pada Anak dengan Penyakit Kronis
Abstract
Asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan penyakit kronis berbeda dengan anak yang memiliki penyakit akut karena adanya kompleksitas kebutuhan dan masalah kesehatan yang menyangkut kualitas hidup anak. Perawat anak berperan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan anak termasuk kebutuhan untuk tumbuh kembang, namun kebutuhan ini sering luput karena asuhan yang diberikan perawat fokus pada perbaikan kesehatan fisik anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran perawat anak dalam mencegah masalah tumbuh kembang pada anak dengan penyakit kronis. Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus melibatkan 23 perawat anak dari 3 rumah sakit yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui focus group discussion, observasi, dan telaah dokumen untuk mendapatkan data yang komprehensif. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode Colaizzi dan proses organisir data menggunakan software Open Code versi 4.03. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu perawat anak memiliki perspektif yang holitistik sehingga mampu memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang berfokus pada keluarga. Perawat anak melakukan stimulasi perkembangan anak yang terintegrasi dengan upaya mengatasi distress hospitalisasi dan menyampaikan edukasi terkait stimulasi perkembangan yang dapat dilakukan oleh orangtua. Perawat mengalami kesulitan menyampaikan temuan masalah tumbuh kembang pada orangtua sehingga melibatkan dokter spesialis anak untuk menindaklanjuti masalah tersebut.
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