Gambaran Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesehatan Mental Perawat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Literatur Review
Keywords:
covid-19, mental health, mers, nursing, sars
Abstract
Seiring dengan bertambahnya kasus terkonfirmasi COVID-19 menjadi tantangan besar bagi staf medis terkhusus perawat sebagai garda terdepan dalam penanganan pasien COVID-19, hal ini menjadikan perawat cenderung lebih berisiko menimbulkan masalah kesehatan mental. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan mental yang dialami perawat pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Studi ini merupakan literatur review yang dianalisa dengan menggunakan PI(E)O dengan mengidentifikasi artikel-artikel ilmiah cross-sectional study yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2002-2020, berbahasa inggris dan full text. Database yang digunakan yaitu PubMed, Wiley, Science Direct dan Google Scholar dengan total artikel 2805 teridentifikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci Nursing OR Nurses AND COVID-19 OR Coronavirus AND MERS OR Middle East Respiratory Syndrome AND SARS OR Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome AND mental health OR Anxiety OR Depresi OR stress AND Factor OR Influencing. Hasil studi didapatkan 7 artikel yang membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan mental perawat di masa pandemic COVID-19, diantaranya faktor personal meliputi usia, jenis kelamin seorang wanita, sudah menikah, memiliki anak, memiliki orang tua yang berumur lansia, berprofesi sebagai seorang perawat dan bekerja di tempat yang berisiko tinggi. Sedangkan, faktor situasional yang mempengrauhi kesehatan mental, diantaranya risiko paparan, dukungan social, APD, stigma dan beban kerja. Kesehatan mental perawat sebagai frontline dimasa pandemic menjadi sangat penting untuk diperhatikan, oleh sebab itu meminimalkan faktor-faktor situasional dapat menurunkan tingkat atau gejala kesehatan mental perawat.
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Chew, N. W. S., Lee, G. K. H., Tan, B. Y. Q., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Ngiam, N. J. H., Yeo, L. L. L., Ahmad, A., Ahmed Khan, F., Napolean Shanmugam, G., Sharma, A. K., Komalkumar, R. N., Meenakshi, P. V., Shah, K., Patel, B., Chan, B. P. L., Sunny, S., Chandra, B., Ong, J. J. Y., … Sharma, V. K. (2020). A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, April, 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
Dai, Y., Hu, G., Xiong, H., Qiu, H., Yuan, X., Yuan, X., Hospital, T., Avenue, J. F., Qiu, H., & Hospital, T. (2020). Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. 2019(1095).
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Khanal, P., Devkota, N., Dahal, M., Paudel, K., & Joshi, D. (2020). Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting : a cross- sectional survey from Nepal. Research Square, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40089/v1
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Koksal, E., Dost, B., Terzi, Ö., Ustun, Y. B., Özdin, S., & Bilgin, S. (2020). Evaluation of depression and anxiety levels and related factors among operating theatre workers during the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.06.017
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Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., Chan, P., Cameron, P., Joynt, G. M., Ahuja, A., Yung, M. Y., Leung, To, K. F., Lui, S. F., Szeto, C. C., Chung, S., & Sung, J. J. Y. (2003). A Major Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hong Kong. The New England Journal of Medicine Original, 348(20), 1986–1984. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.1.1810011
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Liu, Y., Liu, X., Gao, B., Li, C., & Liang, X. (2019). Mental distress among frontline healthcare workers outside the central epidemic area during the novel coronavirus disease ( COVID-19 ) outbreak in China : A cross-sectional study. Research Square, 1–15.
Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic : A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research Journal, 288(April), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Rourke, S., Hunter, J. J., Goldbloom, D., Balderson, K., Petryshen, P., Steinberg, R., Wasylenki, D., Koh, D., & Fones, C. S. L. (2004). Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(6), 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000145673.84698.18
Park, J. S., Lee, E. H., Park, N. R., & Choi, Y. H. (2018). Mental Health of Nurses Working at a Government-designated Hospital During a MERS-CoV Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.006
Pouralizadeh, M., Bostani, Z., Maroufizadeh, S., Ghanbari, A., Khoshbakht, M., Alavi, S. A., & Ashrafi, S. (2020). Anxiety and Depression and the Related Factors in Nurses of Guilan Univer‐ sity of Medical Sciences Hospitals During COVID-19: A Web-based Cross- Sectional Study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100233
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety among Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(21), 2133–2134. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5893
Song, X., Fu, W., Liu, X., Luo, Z., Wang, R., Zhou, N., Yan, S., & Lv, C. (2020). Mental health status of medical staff in emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, June, 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.002
Sun, H., Lu, M., Chen, S., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection among nurses in Wuhan from a single center. The Journal of Infection, xxxx, 13–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.036
Tam, C. W. C., Pang, E. P. F., Lam, L. C. W., & Chiu, H. F. K. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hongkong in 2003: Stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1197–1204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002247
Varia, M., Wilson, S., Sarwal, S., Mcgeer, A., Gournis, E., & Galanis, E. (2003). Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of SARS in Toronto Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 169(4), 285–292.
Wang, Y.-X., Guo, H.-T., Du, X.-W., Song, W., Lu, C., & Hao, W.-N. (2020). Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder of nurses exposed to corona virus disease 2019 in China. Medicine, 99(26), e20965. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020965
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Fact sheet - Mental Health. RC63 Fact Sheet on Mental Health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1–5. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en,%5Cnhttp://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/mental_health_atlas_2011/en,
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Published
2021-01-09
How to Cite
Sabir, N., Arafat, R., & Yusuf, S. (2021). Gambaran Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesehatan Mental Perawat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Literatur Review. Jurnal Keperawatan, 13(1), 125-138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v13i1.953
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Articles
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